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The First Navy Jack was the naval jack of the United States from 1975 to 1976 and again from 2002 to 2019. It was authorized by the U.S. Navy and was flown from the jackstaff of commissioned vessels of the U.S. Navy while moored pierside or at anchor. It is now only used as a naval jack by the oldest active warship in the U.S. Navy. The design is traditionally regarded as that of the first U.S. naval jack flown in the earliest years of the United States' existence, though this is disputed by the historical record.

British Union Jack Flag Picture

The First Navy Jack was replaced as the U.S. naval jack by the U.S. Union Jack (consisting of white stars on a blue field, not to be confused with the flag of the United Kingdom, also commonly called 'the Union Jack') on June 4, 2019, by order of the Chief of Naval Operations.^[1][2][3]

• 2Modern use

History[edit]

In late 1775, as the first ships of the Continental Navy readied in the Delaware River, Commodore Esek Hopkins issued, in a set of fleet signals, an instruction directing his vessels to fly a 'striped' jack and ensign. The exact design of these flags is unknown. The ensign was likely to have been the Grand Union Flag, and the jack a simplified version of the ensign: a field of 13 horizontal red and white stripes. It is likely that the colonial ships did not use (and could not have legitimately used) the canton of the Grand Union Flag (i.e. the British 'Union Jack') as their jack given its use as a jack by the enemy Royal Navy warships. Despite the probability that the original jack may have been a simple striped flag, since about 1880, this jack has traditionally been depicted as consisting of thirteen red and white stripes charged with an uncoiled rattlesnake and the motto 'Dont Tread on Me' [sic]; this tradition dates at least back to 1880, when this design appeared in a color plate in Admiral George Henry Preble's influential History of the Flag of the United States. Recent scholarship, however, has demonstrated that this inferred design never actually existed but 'was a 19th-century mistake based on an erroneous 1776 engraving'.^[4]

In 1778, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin wrote a letter to the Ambassador of the Kingdom of Sicily, thanking him for allowing entry of U.S. ships into Sicilian ports. The letter describes the U.S. flag according to the 1777 Flag Resolution, but also describes a flag of 'South Carolina, a rattlesnake, in the middle of the thirteen stripes.'^[5]

The rattlesnake had long been a symbol of resistance to the British in Colonial America. The phrase 'Don't Tread on Me' may have been coined during the American Revolutionary War, a variant perhaps of the snake severed in segments labelled with the names of the colonies and the legend 'Join, or Die' which had appeared first in Benjamin Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette in 1754, as a political cartoon reflecting on the Albany Congress.

The rattlesnake (specifically, the Timber Rattlesnake) is especially significant and symbolic to the American Revolution. The rattle has thirteen layers, signifying the original Thirteen Colonies. Additionally, the snake does not strike until provoked, a quality echoed by the phrase 'Don't tread on me.' For more on the origin of the rattlesnake emblem, see the Gadsden flag.

Typically the flag's rattlesnake is depicted with red scales on its back,^[6] but some have depicted the snake as all-gold.^[7][8][9]

Modern use[edit]

Shipboard[edit]

Union Jack Flag Patches

Modern use of the flag is usually traced back to 1976, when the United States celebrated its Bicentennial. All commissioned naval vessels were directed to fly the First Navy Jack for this calendar year while moored or anchored, and their commanding officers were authorized to retain and fly it thereafter. The flag that had been used before, and afterwards was the standard fifty-star Union Jack. In 1980, Secretary of the NavyEdward Hidalgo directed that the warship or fleet auxiliary (e.g. a vessel designated as a 'United States Ship' or 'USS') with the longest active status shall display the First Navy Jack until decommissioned or transferred to inactive service.^[10]

The status of the flag changed on May 31, 2002 when Navy Secretary Gordon England issued SECNAV Instruction 10520.6, directing all warships and auxiliaries of the U.S. Navy to fly the First Naval Jack as a 'temporary substitution' for the Jack of the United States 'during the Global War on Terrorism'.^[10] The idea was based on a post-9/11 suggestion from retired Captain Brayton Harris, who in 1975 and 1976 had been Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy for the bicentennial. Most vessels made the symbolic switch on September 11, 2002 during the first anniversary of the terrorist attacks. Not all vessels flew the flag while moored or at anchor, these included commissioned vessels of the U.S. Coast Guard designated as 'United States Coast Guard Cutter' ('USCGC'), USCG patrol boats, vessels of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and predominantly civilian-manned vessels of the U.S. Navy's Military Sealift Command.

On February 21, 2019 Chief of Naval Operations Adm. John Richardson announced the blue Union Jack will return to Navy ships, restoring the 1980 practice of reserving the First Navy Jack to the longest active status warship. This order disregards the USS Constitution, which technically is the oldest in the Navy but is used for ceremonial purposes.^[11] The honor of 'oldest ship' in the Fleet^[a] was conferred on the following U.S. Navy vessels:

Other U.S. Navy uses[edit]

Since September 11, 2002, U.S. Navy installations and facilities ashore have been allowed but not required to fly the First Navy Jack from multi-halyard gaff-rigged flagpoles when the United States ensign is also flown.

Union Jack And American Combined Flag Patch

The First Navy Jack has also been authorized for wear as a patch by sailors and naval officers on flight suits and certain versions of the Navy Working Uniform (NWU), including sailors and naval officers wearing the Army Combat Uniform (ACU) while assigned to and serving with Army units, at the discretion of the local Army commander.^[12][13] For the NWU and ACU, the patch is typically worn on the opposite sleeve as the U.S. flag.

Union Jack Flag Parts

This First Navy Jack, along with the Serapis flag, is also featured on the crest of the Arleigh Burke class guided missile destroyer USS John Paul Jones(DDG-53).^[14]

Us Navy Union Jack Flag

During the War in Afghanistan, U.S. Navy sailors and officers assigned to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) were authorized to wear the First Navy Jack on their MultiCam-patterned Army Combat Uniform (ACU) on the right sleeve, below the U.S. Otocheck 2 0 keygen crack 1. flag.^[15]

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Non-military uses[edit]

Like other snake flags, the First Navy Jack has been used by non-Navy people in protest or commemoration. For example, opponents to a smoking ban in Franklin, Indiana, fly Navy Jacks outside their homes and businesses.^[16] A First Navy Jack flag was also placed at a makeshift memorial on Boylston Street after the Boston Marathon bombings.^[17][18]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^In modern times (post-1980 in this case).
2. ^This column reflects the ship's age at the given decommissioning date
3. ^The USS Jason was the last remaining U.S. naval commissioned ship to serve in World War II.

References[edit]

1. ^Affairs, This story was written by Chief of Naval Operations Public. 'Navy Returns to Flying Union Jack'. www.navy.mil. Retrieved 2019-02-22.
2. ^'The Colors of a Navy and Nation'. The Sextant.
3. ^[1]^{[dead link]}
4. ^Ansoff, Peter. (2004). The First Navy Jack. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 11, ISSN1071-0043, LCCN94-642220.
5. ^The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, Volume 2Available [2]
6. ^'Navy.mil - View Image'. www.navy.mil. Retrieved Jun 6, 2019.
7. ^Faram, Mark D. (Jun 5, 2019). 'Why the Union Jack is back and here to stay'. Navy Times. Retrieved Jun 6, 2019.
8. ^'Legati ad Defendendam Libertatem - USS John Warner Commissioned Naval Historical Foundation'. web.archive.org. Jun 2, 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved Jun 6, 2019.
9. ^'Navy returning to traditional blue-and-white flag after 17 years of flying First Navy Jack'. Stars and Stripes. Retrieved Jun 6, 2019.
10. ^ ^ab'The U.S. Navy's First Jack'. Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2006-10-01.
11. ^Harkins, Gina (February 21, 2019). 'Navy Ships Will Again Fly the Union Jack as US Enters Great Power Competition'. Military.com. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
12. ^office of the Chief of Naval Operations. 'SPECIAL UNIFORM SITUATIONS FOR NAVY PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO AND SERVING WITH AN ARMY UNIT'. VADM MARK FERGUSON. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
13. ^David Tomiyama. 'Deployed USS Sampson FC2 earns award in Afghanistan'. Provincial Reconstruction Team Khost Public Affairs. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
14. ^See the patch and description on the official website at http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/ddg53/Pages/ourShip.aspx
15. ^US National Support Element. 'US National Standards, HQ, International Security Assistance Force'(PDF). Headquarters, International Security Assistance Force. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
16. ^'Red, White, Rattlesnake – Opponents Fight Smoking Ban – Indiana News Story – WRTV Indianapolis'. Theindychannel.com. 2006-04-28. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
17. ^'Boylston Street Marathon Memorial'(JPG). Sarahfit.com. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
18. ^'Boylston Memorial'(JPG). S3.amazonnaws.com. Retrieved 2015-08-11.

External links[edit]

• US Naval Historical Center's First Jack article at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 2012-10-04)