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Neuroscience has employed and built upon an existing body of research from the natural, physical and social sciences, as well as the humanities in attempts to establish a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of nervous systems and the brain. Utilizing ever more sophisticated tools, the multi-disciplinary approaches of neuroscience have enabled a number of exciting discoveries, and concomitantly challenged extant ideas about the relationship of brain and mind, and what such constructs—as well as the direction and momentum of neuroscientific inquiry itself—might mean and incur for the philosophies, moral beliefs, attitudes and values, ethical standpoints, and laws that define the social sphere.

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Addressing such difficult questions—and answers—is the basis of the discipline of neuroethics. The term, “neuroethics” was introduced by Anneliese Pontius in a paper entitled “Neuro-ethics of ‘walking’ in the newborn”, which appeared in August 1973 in the journal Perceptual and Motor Skills[1]. The concept of “a neuroethics” (to include both the “neuroscience of ethics”, and the “ethics of neuroscience”) was defined and advanced by Adina Roskies [2] and the term – and field - became broadly, if not publicly identified as a result of William Safire’s opening lecture “Visions for a New Field of ‘Neuroethics’” at the 2002 Dana Foundation conference Neuroethics: Mapping the Field[3]. Considered to be the discipline’s “coming out conference” speakers called attention to neuroethical areas of inquiry, which encompass “…what is right and wrong, good and bad about the treatment of, or unwelcome invasion of and worrisome manipulation of the human brain” [4]. Yet, such a definition belied the richness of this newly emerging field.

Re-appropriating Roskies’ definition, neuroethics entails investigations of neurocognitive mechanisms of morality and ethics; and studies and address of the ethical issues spawned by the use of neuroscience and its technologies to investigate cognition, emotion and actions. These two principal emphases, or what have been called “traditions” of neuroethics both mirror traditional bioethical discussions (such as debates about the safety of technological and pharmaceutical advances and ethical implications of new scientific and technological discoveries) and directly engage neuroscientific investigations of (proto-moral and moral) cognition, emotions and behaviors, and philosophical, ethical and legal reflections upon what such findings may mean for human beliefs and conduct - from the individual to the political levels.

As a consequence of deepened interest and investments in the neurosciences, including for example, the United States’ (US) congressionally-declared Decade of the Brain (1990–1999), Decade of Pain Control and Research (2000–2009), the newly declared Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) initiative (http://www.nih.gov/science/brain/), and a number of international programs (such as the European Union’s Human Brain Project, and the Asian Decade of the Mind), the importance of neuroethics – as a set of practices and a discipline – increased, and research centers specifically dedicated to advancing neuroethics were established. Professional societies such as the Society of Neuroscience (SfN) and the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) further encouraged open discourse regarding implications of neuroscience research and its social utility. The Dana Foundation (US), the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Neuroethics Society (INS) have all been important to opening international communication in and about neuroethics by encouraging the “cross-fertilization of ideas” at annual meetings and seminars. The continuing internationalization of the field will be essential as neuroscience research and its use become increasingly multi-national, multi-cultural and multi-focal in scope and effect.

To accommodate this momentum, programs in neuroethics have been created within several universities, think tanks, and governmental agencies; these include:
  1. I.
    Asia
    1. a.

      ELSI branch of Taiwan National Research Program for Genomic Medicine (NPPGM)

    2. b.

      Neuroethics Working Group of the Bioethics Advisory Committee at the National University of Singapore (https://www.bioethics-singapore.org/index.php/activities/current-projects)

    3. c.

      Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX) (subsection of Japan Science and Technology Agency 2004 (http://www.ristex.jp/EN/aboutus/history.html) http://www.ristex.jp/EN/past/brain/index.html (R&D Focus Area 2001-2009)

    4. d.

      Strategic Research Program of Brain Sciences (SRPBS), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan (https://nijc.brain.riken.jp/modules/projects/index.php?content_id=10&ml_lang=en)

  1. II.
    Australia/New Zealand
    1. a.

      Moral Cognition, Neuroethics, and Neurolaw Research Cluster at CAVE (The Centre for Agency, Values, and Ethics) at Macquarie University, (http://cave.mq.edu.au/home/)

    2. b.

      The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR) Neuroethics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucie Queensland (http://www.uqccr.uq.edu.au/neuroethics)

Ethical Issues In Modern Medicine Steinbock Pdf To Jpg Online

  1. III.
    North America
    1. a.

      Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, Flint, MI, USA (Joint affiliation between the Department of Philosophy at the University of Michigan-Flint and the Insight Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (IINN) ()http://cognethic.org/

    2. b.

      Center for Neuroscience and Society of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (http://www.neuroethics.upenn.edu/)

    3. c.

      Center for Neurotechnology Studies at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, Arlington, VA, USA (http://www.potomacinstitute.org/)

    4. d.

      Cognitive Neuroscience Society, Center for Mind and Brain, Davis, California, USA (http://www.cogneurosociety.org/about/)

    5. e.

      Mind, Brain Imaging, and Neuroethics Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (http://www.imhr.ca/research/mind-neuroethics-e.cfm)

    6. f.

      Montreal Neuroethics Network, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (http://www.mcgill.ca/psychiatry/category/tags/montreal-neuroethics-network)

    7. g.

      National Core for Neuroethics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (http://neuroethics.med.ubc.ca/)

    8. h.

      Neuroethics Research Unit, Institut De Recherche Clinique De Montreal, Montreal, Canada (http://www.ircm.qc.ca/LARECHERCHE/axes/neuro/neuroethique/Pages/index.aspx?PFLG=1033)

    9. i.

      Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA (https://clinicalbioethics.georgetown.edu/neuroethicsprogram)

    10. j.

      Neuroethics New Emerging Team (NET) Dalhousie University, Dalhousie, Nova Scotia (http://www.neuroethics.ca)

    11. k.

      NeuroEthics Program at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA (http://my.clevelandclinic.org/about-cleveland-clinic/ethics-humanities-care/neuroethics.aspx)

    12. l.

      Program in Ethics and Brain Sciences (PEBS), Baltimore, MD, USA (Joint affiliation between at Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics Neuroethics Program and Johns Hopkins Brain Sciences Institute) ()http://www.bioethicsinstitute.org/research/science-ethics/program-in-ethics-and-brain-sciences

    13. m.

      Program in Neuroethics Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford, CA, USA. (http://neuroethics.stanford.edu/)

  1. IV.
    South/Central America
    1. a.

      Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurofilosofia – PUCRS, Instituto do Cérebro, Brazil

    2. b.

      Programa de Estudios en Neuroética: Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas (CIF), Argentina (http://programaneuroeticacif.wordpress.com/)

    3. c.

      Neuroética, filosofia experimental e filosofia da mente, Brazil (http://plsql1.cnpq.br/buscaoperacional/detalhegrupo.jsp?grupo=0009701KU1BMW3)

    4. d.

      NeuroEduc—Núcleo de Estudos em Neurociências e Educação—Grupo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento—CNPQ, Brazil (http://www.cienciasecognicao.org/portal/?page_id=66)

    5. e.

      Mente, Ética e Póshumanismo (MEPH), Universidade Federal do Piaul—UFPI, Brazil (http://plsql1.cnpq.br/buscaoperacional/detalhegrupo.jsp?grupo=0323701LX6ENZ9)

  1. V.
    United Kingdom
    1. a.

      Centre for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. (http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/proj_neuro.html)

    2. b.

      Oxford-Wellcome Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (http://www.neuroethics.ox.ac.uk/)

  1. VI.
    Western Europe
    1. a.

      Ethik in der Praxis, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, GER (http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/malakow/klin_ethik/ethikkomitees_gruendung.html)

    2. b.

      Institut de Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Paris, FR (http://icm-institute.org/menu/actualites)

    3. c.

      Munich Center for Neurosciences, the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, GER (http://www.gsn.uni-muenchen.de/download/general/mcn_brosch_fuer_internet.pdf)

    4. d.

      Italian Society for Neuroethics (Società Italiana di Neuroetica), San Raffaele University, in Milan, IT (http://societadineuroetica.it)

    5. e.

      Research Group on Neuroethics and Neurophilosophy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, GER (https://teamweb.unimainz.de/fb05/Neuroethics/SitePages/Home.aspx)

    6. f.

      Science, Ethics, and Society Initiative, Munich, GER (Joint affiliation of Technical University of Munich and the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich)

    7. g.

      Neuroethics Research Group, World Federation of Neurology (http://wfneurology.org/researchGroups.php)

Many inter-disciplinary programs integrating biology, psychology, and cognitive science allow for students to study, and focus advanced scholarship, in neuroethics. In addition, numerous universities offer courses or workshops in neuroethics, as the medical, legal, and social issues of neuroethics tend to attract students from a variety of fields. Other than a few exceptions, such as the University of British Columbia, University of Pennsylvania, and Georgetown University, there are no programs of study specifically dedicated to neuroethics. In response, the program at the University of Pennsylvania provides links to Open Educational Resources (https://sites.sas.upenn.edu/neuroethics) that afford course materials (such as syllabi and useful links on the website) that encourage and support teachers and professors (of all levels and disciplines) to embrace neuroethics.

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Product Information

  • This comprehensive anthology represents the key issues and problems in the field of medical ethics through the most up-to-date readings and case studies available. Each of the book's five parts is prefaced with helpful introductions that raise important questions and skillfully contextualize the positions and main points of the articles that follow.

Product Identifiers

  • McGraw-Hill Higher Education
  • 0072833491
  • 9780072833492
  • 2279813

Product Key Features

  • Paperback
  • 2002
  • English

Modern Medicine Omaha

Dimensions

  • 43.8 Oz
  • 7in.
  • 1.3in.
  • 9.1in.

Additional Product Features

Ethical Issues In Modern Medicine Steinbock Pdf To Jpg

  • 21
  • (* indicates new to 6th edition) Preface The Contributers Introduction: Moral Reasoning in the Medical Context Bioethics: Nature and Scope Sources of Bioethical Problems and Concerns Challenges to Ethical Theory Moral Theories and Perspectives Religious Ethics 'Rights-Based' Approaches Communitarian Ethics Virtue Ethics Nonmoral Considerations Modes of Moral Reasoning PART ONE: Foundations of the Health Professional-Patient Relationship Section 1: Autonomy, Paternalism, and Medical Models The Hippocratic Oath Alan Goldman, 'The Refutation of Medical Paternalism' *Bernice S. Elger and Jean-Claude Chevrolet, 'Beneficience Today, or Autonomy (Maybe) Tomorrow' Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Linda L. Emanuel, 'Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship' *Benjamin Freedman, 'Offering Truth' Section 2: Informed Consent Arato v. Avedon John D. Arras, 'Antihypertensives and the Risk of Temporary Impotence: A Case Study in Informed Consent' Jay Katz, 'Informed Consent - Must it Remain a Fairy Tale?' Howard Brody, 'Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Care' Section 3: Conflicting Professional Roles and Responsibilities *Francoise Baylis, 'Error in Medicine: Nurturing Truthfulness' Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California Len Fleck and Marcia Angell, 'Please Don't Tell' *Lainie Friedman Ross, 'Disclosing Misattributed Paternity' The HMO Physician's Duty to Cut Costs Norman Levinsky, 'The Doctor's Master' E. Haavi Morreim, 'Fiscal Scarcity and the Inevitability of Bedside Budget Balancing' *Steven H. Miles, 'What Are We Teaching About Indigent Patients?' Recommended Supplementary Reading PART TWO: Allocation, Social Justice, and Health Policy Section 1: Justice, Health Care, and Health President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 'An Ethical Framework for Securing Access to Health Care' Norman Daniels, 'Equal Opportunity and Health Care' *Sarah Marchand, Daniel Wikler, and Bruce Landesman, 'Class, Health, and Justice' H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., 'Freedom and Moral Diversity: The Moral Failures of Health Care in the Welfare State' Section 2: Methods and Strategies for Rationing Health Care Alex John London, 'Bone Marrow Transplants for Advanced Breast Cancer: The Story of Christine deMeurers' David M. Eddy, 'The Individual vs. Society: Resolving the Conflict' *Paul Menzel, Marthe R. Gold, Erik Nord, Jose-Louis Pinto-Prades, Jeff Richardson, and Peter Ubel, 'Toward a Broader View of Values in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Health' Norman Daniels and James Sabin, 'Last-Chance Therapies and Managed Care: Pluralism, Fair Procedures, and Legitimacy' Section 3: Equality and the Ends of Medicine Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler, 'Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?' Carl Cohen, Martin Benjamin, and the Ethics and Social Impact Committee of the Transplant and Health Policy Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 'Alcoholics and Liver Transplantation' *David B. Allen, 'Growth Hormone Therapy for the Disability of Short Stature' *Norman Daniels, 'The Genome Project, Individual Differences, and Just Health Care' Recommended Supplementary Reading PART THREE: Defining Death, Forgoing Life-Sustaining Treatment, and Euthanasia Section 1: The Definition of Death President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 'Defining Death' Robert M. Veatch, 'The Impending Collapse of the Whole-Brain Definition of Death' *Baruch A. Brody, 'How Much of the Brain Must Be Dead?' Section 2: Decisional Capacity and the Right to Refuse Treatment State of Tennessee Department of Human Services v. Mary C. Northern: Transcript of Proceedings: Testimony of Mary C. Northern Allen Buchanan and Dan
  • 174/.2
  • 2003
  • Bonnie Steinbock, Alex John London, John D. Arras
  • 6
  • 792 Pages
  • Revised
  • 2002-07-12